The first weeks with a new baby can bring joy, exhaustion and a lot of feelings you did not expect. Crying for no clear reason. Feeling short-tempered or overwhelmed. Wondering why you do not feel the way you thought you would.

Many new parents go through this, and for most, it passes on its own. But sometimes those feelings stay, or get heavier, and that can be a sign of postpartum depression.

This guide explains the difference, the signs to watch for and when it helps to reach out.

What are the baby blues?

The baby blues are very common. Most new mothers experience them in some form in the days after giving birth.

They usually:

• Start within the first two to three days after delivery

• Feel like mood swings, tearfulness, irritability, worry and trouble sleeping (even when the baby sleeps)

• Ease up on their own within about two weeks

The baby blues are linked to the big hormonal shifts after birth, combined with lack of sleep and the huge adjustment of caring for a newborn. Rest, support and time usually help them pass.

What is postpartum depression?

Postpartum depression (PPD) is more than the baby blues. It is a mood condition that affects roughly 1 in 7 new mothers, and it can affect fathers and partners too.

Postpartum depression:

• Can start any time during pregnancy or in the first year after birth

• Lasts longer than two weeks

• Feels heavier, and makes it harder to get through the day or care for yourself and your baby

It is not a sign of weakness, and it does not mean you are a bad parent. It is a common health condition, and it is treatable.

Baby blues vs. postpartum depression at a glance

Signs it may be postpartum depression

Talk to someone if, for more than two weeks, you notice:

• Feeling sad, hopeless, empty or numb most of the day

• Losing interest in things you used to enjoy

• Feeling disconnected from your baby, or not feeling the bond you expected

• Intense guilt, shame or feeling like you are failing

• Constant worry, panic or racing thoughts

• Trouble sleeping even when you have the chance, or sleeping far more than usual

• Big changes in appetite

• Pulling away from your partner, family or friends

• Trouble concentrating or making decisions

Postpartum anxiety is also common, and it can show up with or without depression. If worry or panic is taking over, that is worth talking about too. Read more in our guide to postpartum panic.

When to get help right away

Reach out for help immediately if you:

• Have thoughts of harming yourself or your baby

• Feel unable to care for yourself or your baby

• See or hear things others do not, or feel confused or paranoid

These can be signs of a serious condition called postpartum psychosis, which is rare but needs urgent care. Call or text 988, call 911, or go to the nearest emergency room.

You can also call or text the National Maternal Mental Health Hotline at 1-833-TLC-MAMA (1-833-852-6262), free and available 24/7.

Who is more at risk?

Postpartum depression can happen to anyone, but it is more likely if you have:

• A history of depression or anxiety, before or during pregnancy

• Had postpartum depression after a previous birth

• Limited support at home

• Major stress, such as money worries, relationship strain or a difficult birth

• A baby in the NICU or with health challenges

Having one of these does not mean you will develop postpartum depression. It just means it is worth keeping an eye on how you feel and having a plan for support.

Partners can be affected too

Postpartum depression is not limited to the person who gave birth. Fathers and partners can also experience depression after a new baby arrives, often while trying to hold everything together for the family. Learn more about paternal postpartum depression.

How postpartum depression is treated

The good news is that postpartum depression responds well to treatment. Support often includes:

• Therapy. Talking with a licensed therapist helps you make sense of what you are feeling, manage difficult thoughts and build practical coping skills. Approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy are often used.

• Medication. For some parents, medication can help. A medical provider can talk through options, including what is safe while breastfeeding.

• Practical support. Help with feedings, sleep and household tasks can make a real difference.

• Connection. Talking with other parents who understand can ease the feeling of being alone.

Many parents start to feel better within a few months of getting support.

Small steps that help, whatever you are feeling

• Rest when you can, and accept help with the baby so you can sleep

• Eat regular meals and drink water

• Get outside for a few minutes each day if you are able

• Tell someone you trust how you are really feeling

• Lower the bar on everything that is not essential right now

These are not a replacement for treatment, but they support your recovery and your wellbeing either way.

Postpartum depression support in Maryland

At Lartey Wellness Group, our therapists support new and expecting parents through postpartum depression, anxiety and the big adjustment of life with a baby. Partners are welcome too.

You can meet with a therapist in person at our Laurel office or online anywhere in Maryland, so you do not have to arrange childcare or travel. We accept Maryland Medicaid and most insurance plans.

Learn more about postpartum depression therapy at Lartey Wellness Group, or reach out to get started.

Request an appointment or call (800) 994-5403

If you are in crisis right now, call or text 988 for free, 24/7 support, or visit our crisis resources page.